It’s been a long time, but I think I may have made some more progress towards identifying this piece. It’s been sat at the back of my desk, but today I was feeling curious and picked it up to look at it again. I realised that it doesn’t really feel like porcelain. I shone a flashlight inside and found that the vase isn’t noticeably translucent. I had it down as porcelain due to the hardness and the conchoidal look of the chipping to the base corner. Therefore I started thinking it could be ironstone or similar: something hard and somewhat vitrified but not true porcelain.
Searching for ironstone vase brought up a few Mason’s ironstone vases in this shape, all with some form of Chinese inspired decor and a couple with matching lids. While this vase isn’t marked, and I haven’t found the exact decor on a marked piece, it does look a promising avenue.
Similar shape vase with mark:
https://www.invaluable.com/auction-lot/mason-ironstone-vase-22-c-34f2a5533dRather more fancy Mason’s vase but showing a similar matte black glaze:
https://www.liveauctioneers.com/item/7426162_0091-ashworthmason-s-ironstone-dragon-vase